In the process of this review, we investigated 73 commercial tobacco control interventions in Indigenous communities globally. We extracted data on program characteristics, study design and learnings including successes and challenges. Systematic cross-regional canvassing of informants in Canada and internationally with knowledge of Indigenous health and/or tobacco control provided further leads about commercial tobacco reduction interventions. We included studies between 19 if they addressed an intervention (including provision of a health service or program, education or training programs) aimed to reduce the use of commercial tobacco use in Indigenous communities globally. We undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications and grey literature selected from seven databases and 43 electronic sources. We also aimed to understand which interventions had broad reach, what the common elements that supported positive change were and how Aboriginal self-determination was reflected in program implementation. ![]() The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate changes in the initiation, consumption and quit rates of commercial tobacco use as well as changes in knowledge, prevalence, community interest, and smoke-free environments in Indigenous populations. The high rates of commercial tobacco use in Indigenous populations have led to a variety of health issues and lower life expectancy than the general population. ![]() All over the world, Indigenous populations have remarkably high rates of commercial tobacco use compared to non-Indigenous groups.
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